Thermally-operated apparatus.



- [PATENTBD MAR. 19

, -E.BATAULT. I 1 .THBRMALLY OPERATED APPARATUS.

APPLIOA TION FILED MAY 14, 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I Ifzvvent or Att'ys.

Witnesses K014 543 1, I PATENTED MAR.19,190 '7.

' E.BATAULT.- I

TH BRMALI IY OPERATED APPARATUS.

' APIILIOATIOH FILED MAY 14,1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witnesses: I I w No. 847,543. PATENTED MAR. 19,1907.

1 ELBATAULT. v

THERMALLY OPERATED APPARATUS.

I APPLICATION FILED MAYM, 1902.

[inventor Attorneys 'bodying the principles EMILE BATAULT, OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. I

Specification of Letters Patent.

THERMALLY-OPE RATED APPARATUS- Batented March 19,1907.

Application filed May 14, 1902. Serial No. 107,236.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMILE BATAULT, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at Geneva, in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, have invented acertam new and useful Improvement in Thermally-Operated Apparatus, of which the following is a description.

The object I have in view is to produce a primary operating device for thermally-operated apparatus which shall be simple in construction and effective in operation and whereby changes in the form of a body due to temperature variations canbe amplified,

and mechanically translated.

In carryin out the invention I employ a wire or metallic blade stretched between the extremities of a bow, the wire forming the chord of an arc. The length oi the chord being varied by variations in its temperature produced by variations in the temperature of the atmosphere in which the chord is immersed or by variations in the strength of an electric current-passed through the chord, the height of the arc will be varied, and this latter variation I employ as a means for moving devices for indicating the temperature or the power of the medium producing it-such,

for instance, as the electric currentor for moving or controlling any apparatus-which it may be desired to move or control by a primary device 01' this character. In the accompanying drawing, Figures 1, 2, 3; and 4 are diagrams illustrating the principle of the invention. Figs. 5 and 6 are top 'VJGWS of simple forms of the apparatus emlllustrated by the diagrams. Fig. 7 is a top view, and Fig. 8 aside view, 0f a modified form oi' the apparatus. Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 are top views oi other modifications. I

r In Fig. 1, A D B represents the chord, and A C B an arc of any suitable elastic material having a tendency to stretch the chord A D B, the height of the are being represented .by

C D. It will be seen that any increase in the length of the chord A D B 'Wlll produce a decrease in the height otthe arc, and vice versa,

and it will also be seen that variations in the length of the chord A D B bear the same relation to variations in the height C D of the are as variations in the cosine bear to variations inthesine of the angle a. If this an le a, is com aratively small, any change. in t e length of appropriate mechanism to a hand or blade A D B willbe these two bow of forming with the chord the chord A D B, however, minute it is, will produce a relatively great change in the height of the arc. and it these changes in the-height of the are are translated by an ,running over a scale or to other suitable devices any caloric influence to which the chord A D B is subjected can be indicated or can be employed to move or control other apparatus.

.0 utilize the movement produced by variationsin the height C D of the arc, the apparatus should be given a fixed position either at C or D, while the connection with the device to be operated. by the apparatus should be made at the other of these two points. Preferably-the bow A C B will be made of a metal or material the dimensions of which ,vary but slightly wlth the temperature, and the wire made of a material or metal which'has a greater coefiicient of dilatation. This is particularly true where the device is operated by variations in temperature of the surrounding atmos here to which the bow, as well as the chor is subjected;

but if the chord alone is subjected to variations in tem erature, as it will be when heated by an eliictrio current, the difference in the coefiicient'of dilatation'of the materials of the, chord and bow is not so important nor even necessary. Difl'erent kinds of apparatus can be constructed on this principle such, 'for instance, as thermometers, thermostats, or electric indicating or measuring instruments. My device may also take the place of electromagnets in a neat many in-- struments where a too rapid action is not desirable. It has over an ordinary solenoid or magnet. the great advantage of being equally operative with alternating and continuous currents. It is also cheaper and is completely aperiodic in its action.

In order to further multiply the movement produced by variations in the length of the chord A D' B, vthis chord ma connect two similar arcs A C B and A C' B, for together a lozenge-shaped body, as illustrated m Fig. 2, the ap aratus being fixed at either the point C or the point C and the otherof oints being, connected with the emoved by the apparatus. The my device instead of being curved may have an angular form A C B, Fig. 3, A D B a triangle, the .parts bein referably articulated together and provi e with a spring or springs under tension tending to stretc the. chord, and

devices to this form of device may be made double, as

illustrated in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5, which shows asimple apparatus embodying the' form illustrated in the diagrams 1 and 2, E F are the two springbows, connected at their ends with separating-blocks a a, through which pass pins 1) b, to which the wire G is secured at its ends. The ins b b are square where they pass through the blocks a a and outside of these blocks are made round and are screw-thr'eaded to receive nuts c, by means-oi which the ing over a scale g, the pointer being eld by In Fig: 6 is'illustr'ated a simple embodiment of the form of apparatus shown by the diagrams 3 and 4. The wire G is secured to pins 1) b, passing through blocks a a? and ad- 1usted by nuts 0,0, as in Fig. 5. The two bows are formed by means of links E E and F F, which are pivoted to the blocks a a, and

are articulated together to give'the triangu- I lar form illustrated in the diagrams 3' and 4.

The two bows are connected together by springs h h, connected with a ring 'L, through which the wire G as'ses'J- Thes'e springsh h tend to draw the ows to ether and stretch the wire G. The bow 'F is pivoted at its center u on a stationar'y stud d,while the bow E x has at its center the connection e for movingthe devices to beoperated.

The wire G' instead of being a single length of wire'may have a double length and have its ends brought back to the same end of the a paratus, as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. n this construction the two bows are separated at one end by a rooved block, which is preferably a pulle and at the other end they are separatedl; a long cross-block a, which receives both oi the studs 1) b. The wire G extends from one of these studs around the pulley 7c and back to the other stud;

As another modification a number of lengths of wire can be employed, as illustrated in Fig. 9. In this case the blocks a a which separate the bows at their ends, are given a sufii cient length to accommodate a number of turns of wire, the ends of the wirebeing connected with adjustable studs 1) b at the same or atop 'ositeendsof the apparatus. In or er to still further mu tiply ment produced by rvariations in t 6 length of the chord, two or more of the double-bow de-' vices of any of the constructions before de, scribed nay be joined together in'succession at the centers of thebows, as illustrated in the move- Fig. 10, the outside bow of the entire apparatus being connected with a stationary stud d and the other outside bow having the movableconnection e for connecting the ap aratus with the devices to be moved thereby Where the apparatus is to be used in an electric circuit, the wires G of the two or more bows may be connected in multiple or series in the electric circuit. A series arrangement is shown in Fig. 10 in full lines, while a multiple-arc arrangement of the connections is shown in dotted lines in that fi ure. By arranging a number of these doub e bows in succession the variations in the hei ht of all the arcs will be added together and will produceubetween the fixed point (Z and the movable connection a a resulting motion as many times greater than the movement of a single areas there are arcs coupled together. In this way the most minute change in the length of the chords will produce an appreciable change in the distance between the points d e.

I may obtain a still greater amplification of movement by the construction shown in Fig. 1 1 wherein the primary operatingbdevice, V

consisting of one or of any number of ows, is connected at its movable point c with oneend of a bow H I, arranged perpendicularly to The bow-H I is fixed at its other end m and is connected at its center by a link e with the the bows of the primary operating device.

upon the approach and recession 0 the points d e. I

It is obvious that the additional amplifying device of Fig. 11 could be used with any of the forms of primaryoperating device shown in the other figures of the drawing. Thisis illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, the former showing the device with series connections and the latter with connections in multiple.

In the device illustrated in Fig. 12 current enters at 1, passes through the Wire conneoted in the upper device, and from that to the lower device, passing out at 2. In Fig. 13 thecurrent enters at 1, divides between the ,two devices, and passes out at 2.

What I claim is- 1. The combination with a resilient are or bow, of a chord of electric conducting mate'- rial connecting the ends of said are or bow and holding it under tension so that said chord must always be'straight,insulatio separatingthe chord electrically from the, bow, circuit connections with said chord for changing its temperature by variations in the flow of an electric "current therethrough, whereb the variations in the length of the chord wi l result in an amplified movement producing variations in the height of the are or how, a

movingdevice'operated by the variations in the height of the bow or are and means for transmittmg such amplified movement to the device to be operated thereby, substantially as set forth. Y 3

2. The combination with two resilient arcs or bows secured together at their ends, of a chord of electric conducting material connecting the ends ofboth arcs or .bows and holding them'under tension so that. said chord must always be straight, insulation separating the chord electrically from the bows, circuit connections with said chord for changing its temperature by variations in the flow of an electric current therethrough, whereby the variations in the length of the chord will result in an amplified movement producing variations in the height of the arcs .or bows, a moving device operated by the variations in height of the bows or arcsand means for transmitting such amplified movement" to the device to be operated thereby, substantially as set forth. I

3. The combination of a plurality of resilient double arcs or bows, a chord of electric conducting material connecting the ends-of each of said double arcs or bows and holding them under tension so thatsaidchord must always be straight, insulation separating'the chords electrically from the bows, circuit connections with temperature by variations in the ow-of an electric current therethrough, such double arcs or bows being connected together at the centers of the arcs or bows and producing an amplified movement which is resultantofthe variations in height .of all'the arcs or bows,- operated bythe variationsa movin device in height'of the bows or arcs and'means for transmitting such amplified movement to the device to be operated thereby, substantially as set forth. a

4. A thermally-operated apparatus having in combination a resilient arc or bow, and a chord connecting the ends of'the are or bow and holding it under tension, said chord pass ing two or more the arc or bow, substantially as set'forth.

5. A thermally-operated apparatus having in combination a resilient are or bow, a chord connecting the ends of the are or how and holdingit under tension, said chord passing two or more times between the ends of the are or bow, and a roller at the bight' of the chord to permit'relative movement of, and

equalize the strain upon, the lengths of the chord, substantially as set forth.

' 6. A thermally-operated apparatus having in combination a resilient are or bow, a chord connecting the ends of thearc or bow and holding it under tension, said chord passing several times back and forth between the ends of the are or bow, and independent sheaves at each end of the bow for receiving the bight of the chord so as to permit relative thereof, whereby variations said chords for chan 'ing their tension,

times between the ends of 7. .A thermally-operated apparatus having i in combination a resilient are or bow, a chord of nonresilient material connecting the ends of the arc or bow and holding it under tension so that said chord' must always be straight, an are or bow perpendicular to the first are or bow and connected to the center in the length of the chord connecting the first arc or how will produce variations in the height of the are or ow, which will in turn produce variations in the height of the second are or bow, and means connected with the center of the second are or bow for transmitting the amplified move-' ment to a device to be operated thereby, substantially as set forth. 1

8. A thermally-operated apparatus havin 'in combination a resilient arc or bow, a chor I of electric conducting material connectlng the ends ofthe arc or bow and holding it under tension, said chord passing two or more times between the ends of the are or bow, and a roller in the bight of the chord to permit relative movement of, and equalize the strain upon, the-several lengths of the chord, substantial] y as set'forth.

9. In a thermally-operated apparatus having in combination a resilient are or bow, a chord of electric conducting material connecting the ends of the bow and holding it under said chord passing several times back and forth between the ends of the are or bow, independent sheaves at each end of the bow for receiving the bight'of the chord so as to permit relative movement of, and equalize the strain upon, the several lengths of the chord and circuit connections with said chord for changing its temperature by variations in the flow of an electric current there-v through, whereby the variations in the length of the chord 'will resultin an am lified movement producing variations in the height of the are or bow, substantially as set forth.

10. In a thermallyoperated a paratus having in combination a pair of resi lent arcs or bows, a chord of electric conducting material connecting the ends af the bows and holding them undertension, said chord pass:

'ing several times back and forth between the ends of the arcs or bows, independent sheaves at each end of the bows for receivingthe bight of the chord so as to ermit relative movement of, and e ualize t the several lengths 0 connections with said temperature by variations inthe flow of an the chord, and circuit electric current therethrou h, whereby the variations in the length of t e chord will ree strain upon,

chord for changing its sult in an amplified movement producing variations in the height of the arcs or bows,

substantially as set forth.

11. In .a thermally-operated apparatus bight of the chord so as to permit relative movement of, and equalize e strain upon, the several lengths of the chord, circuit connections with said chord for changing its temperature by variations in the flow of an electric current therethrough, whereby the variations in the length of the chord will result in an amplified movement producing variations in the height ofthe arcs or bows, and electrical connections between said arcs or bows, substantiall as set forth.

12. In a thermal y-operated apparatus having in combination a pair of resilient arcs or bows, a chord of electric conducting mate rial connecting the. ends of the bows and holding them under tension, said chord passing several times back and forth between the ends of the arcs or bows,- independent sheaves at each end of the bows for receiving the bight of the chord so as to ermit relative movement of, and equalize t e strain upon, the several lengths of the chord, circuit connections with said chord for changing its temperature by variations in the flow of an electric current therethrough, whereby the. variations in the length of the chord will result in an amplified movement producing variations in the height of the arcs or bows, and series electrical connections between said arcs or bows, substantially as set forth. I

13. In a thermally-operated "apparatus having in combination a resilient are or bow,

a chord of electric conducting material connecting the ends of the bow and holding it under tension, said chord passing several times back and forth between the ends of the are or bow, independent sheaves at each end of the bow for receiving the bight of the chord so as to permit relative movement of, and equalize the strain upon, the several lengths of the chord, circuit connections with said chord for changing its temperature by variations in the flow of an electric current therethrough, whereb the variations intthe length of the chord result in an am lified movement producing variations in the might of the are or bow, and means for transmitting such amplified movement to a device to be operated thereby, substantially as set forth.

14'.- The combination with two resilient arcs or bows secured together at their ends, of a chord of electric'conducting material connectin the ends of both arcs or bows, and holding t em under tension so that said chord must. always be straight, insulation separating the chord electrically from the bows, said chord passing two or more times back! and forth between the ends of the arcs or bows, circuit connections with said chord for changin its-temperature by variation in the flow 0' electric current therethrough, whereby the variations in the length of the rochd will result in an amplified movement producing variations in the height of the arcs or bows, and means for transmitting such amplifiedmovement to a device to be operated thereby, substantially as set forth.

This specification signed and witnessed this 2d day of May, 1902. a

\ EMILE BATAULT. Witnesses:

L. H. MUNIER, FELECIE VILLIE SERMET. 

